The crypto market of 2025 defied expectations, but not in the way most anticipated. Returns were driven by macro factors and policy shocks rather than protocol fundamentals. Bitcoin posted a modest -6% for the calendar year (~$93K to ~$87K), though this masked an intra-year ATH of $126K in October. The broader market fared worse: a "hidden altcoin bear market" saw total crypto market cap (excluding BTC, ETH, and stablecoins) decline 34% over the full year, with the median top-100 altcoin down 64%
Yet beneath this volatility, structural conditions have materially improved. Sentiment has been washed out, leverage reduced across the system, and institutional adoption continues broadening. The passage of the GENIUS Act created the regulatory clarity institutions long demanded. "Four themes will define 2026: tokenization moving from pilots to production, privacy becoming core infrastructure, stablecoins reaching mainstream adoption, and institutional flows replacing the four-year retail cycle.
our consensus narratives have emerged, pointing toward where institutional capital will flow: